Ebook Free Overthrow: America's Century of Regime Change from Hawaii to Iraq

Ebook Free Overthrow: America's Century of Regime Change from Hawaii to Iraq

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Overthrow: America's Century of Regime Change from Hawaii to Iraq

Ebook Free Overthrow: America's Century of Regime Change from Hawaii to Iraq

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Audible Audiobook

Listening Length: 15 hours and 13 minutes

Program Type: Audiobook

Version: Unabridged

Publisher: Tantor Audio

Audible.com Release Date: June 8, 2006

Whispersync for Voice: Ready

Language: English

ASIN: B000G6BJXK

Amazon Best Sellers Rank:

As American's we are brought up believing in the inherent goodness of the United States. Sure we had slavery and an unfortunate bout of genocide early on but we've confessed to those transgressions, grown into a more mature nation and besides... that was a LONG time ago. Unfortunately there is another seamy side to American history that leads all the way up to and includes Baghdad. The United States has had a shameful pattern of monkeying with foreign governments, overthrowing democratically elected leaders and establishing and maintaining repressive regimes.The author makes a few important points about patterns in the various regime changes. The first is that nearly all incidents of overthrow were instigated by, done at the behest of or in one instance literally performed by one or more multinational corporations. In Guatemala it was United Fruit, in Iran it was the oil industries, in Chile it was ITT and Anaconda. The pattern of leftist leaders nationalizing industry and then finding themselves removed is repeated over and over again. Venezuela's Hugo Chavez would be advised to be very careful. Regime change has been defended as a bulwark against encroaching communism or socialism but as the author states overthrows are performed, "mainly for economic reasons - specifically, to establish, promote, and defend the right of Americans to do business around the world without interference" Regime change has always required the help of a certain percentage of the public in a country, generally the wealthy elites fearing the growing power of the lower and middle class.The other issue is American morality versus "realism". Does the end justify the means and do our laws of justice cease at the border? In Iran, Guatemala, and Chili democratically elected leaders were replaced with repressive regimes. Perhaps the worst of the all was Augustus Pinochet in Chile who went on to torture and kill thousands of leftist. In Panama, Noriega was supported by the Reagan administration as long as he continued to support the Contras. Reagan also supported the corrupt Marco government in the Philippines because they permitted U.S. Naval bases to operate off the islands saying, "I don't know anything more important than those bases" I guess that would include basic human rights.The third point is that short term solutions tend to cause long term problems. Perhaps nothing the United States has ever done has caused more problems than deposing the popular Dr. Mohammad Mossadegh in favor of the Shah. The damage it created and loss of American prestige in the Middle East has been incalculable and for what? Stifling democracy and even capitalism in countries like Honduras makes the United States looks disingenuous and oppressive. Some of the blame for Castro's repressive government may lie with the United States. What Castro learned was that the United States with the help of the CIA would never allow a left leaning Democracy in Latin America so he became understandably paranoid and worked overtime to eliminate any perceived threat.Overthrow isn't just an important book it's also well written and engaging. It certainly is not a feel good book. It's like turning over a stone and seeing the mud and bugs underneath but when we bury the past we are doomed to repeat it. Would American's have been so quick to support regime change in Iraq if people were more aware of the disasters of the past? Understanding and knowing our worst mistakes is at least as important as remembering our successes. With America's opinion ratings overseas at perhaps its lowest level ever perhaps it's time for the entire nation to reflect and maybe work to have our deeds match our rhetoric.

Most Americans are outraged by Russian interference in our 2016 election. That’s because we hold dear our right to self-determination without another country determining the outcome. On the other hand, the USA has a long history of not showing the same kind of respect for the self-determination of other nations that we expect for ourselves. This book describes in shocking detail the fourteen times our country has overthrown legitimate governments – some duly elected – around the world. This is not dry history, however; Kinzer’s retelling reads like a suspense novel.The first instance came in 1893 when the American ambassador in Hawaii conspired with American planters to overthrow the native government of Queen Liliuokalani. It took 100 years for the U.S. government to recognize the error of its ways. A resolution passed Congress and signed by President Clinton in 1993 states that Congress, “apologizes to native Hawaiians on behalf of the people of the United States for the overthrow of the Hawaiian kingdom on Jan. 17, 1893,” and for the subsequent “deprivation of the rights of Native Hawaiians to self-determination.”Unfortunately, there has been no similar apology to the peoples of Iran, Cuba, the Philippines, Nicaragua, Guatamala, Vietnam and Puerto Rico. Hawaii is the 50th state. If Puerto Rico ever becomes the 51st, perhaps then another apology will be forthcoming.Following Hawaii, the second overthrow came at the end of the Spanish-American War, when the McKinley administration decided to take control of several Spanish colonies, instead of liberating them to govern themselves. The “consent of the governed” did not matter to most Americans when it came to Cubans, Puerto Ricans and Filipinos.Before Congress agreed to declare war on Spain, the Teller Amendment had to be added to gain sufficient support. That Amendment declares that “the people of the island of Cuba are, and of right ought to be, free and independent. The United States hereby disclaims any disposition or intention to exercise sovereignty, jurisdiction, or control over said island.” Once the war ends. the USA intends “to leave the government and control of the island to its people.”Cuban rebels had been actively fighting Spanish rule three years, and they expected to gain their promised independence fighting alongside the Americans. Nonetheless, the Teller Amendment was quickly discarded at the end of the war as McKinley announced that the USA would rule Cuba.The new policy was embodied in the Platt Amendment of 1901, “a crucial document in the history of American foreign policy,” because versions of “plattismo” were subsequently applied to many nations in Central America and the Caribbean. Under this Amendment, which was adopted with only Republican votes, the USA agreed to end its occupation of Cuba as soon as Cubans accepted a constitution giving the U.S. the rights to maintain military bases, to supervise the treasury, and “the right to intervene for the preservation of Cuban independence or the maintenance of a government adequate for the protection of property and individual liberty.”Cubans weren’t the only Latin Americans denied self-determination. Similar domination happened to Nicaragua and Honduras, initially to protect the monopolies of a handful of American banana corporations. This interference led to generations of dictators, conflict and death. To this day, Honduras has the world’s highest murder rate, in part due to American policies.The greatest tragedy happened to the Philippines. The Filipino guerilla leader, Emilio Aguinaldo, understood that his people were promised their independence by Admiral Dewey, who later swore he made no such commitment. The USA paid $20 million to Spain for the islands. Meanwhile, the rebels had elected an assembly, produced a constitution, and proclaimed the independent Republic of the Philippines in 1899, with Aguinaldo as president. The new government was determined to defend its independence. McKinley had other plans.The war to suppress Philippine independence lasted three years and led to tens of thousands of deaths. Recent estimates put the total at 250,000. U.S. troops used torture and massacre of civilians suspected of aiding the guerillas. The New York Post wrote that American troops “have been pursuing a policy of wholesale and deliberate murder.” This war was one of the worst episodes in Filipino history. Filipinos were denied their independence until 1946.The first CIA overthrow of a foreign government was in Iran in 1953. The second came the following year in Guatamala. Both countries had democratically elected governments, and both were forcibly replaced by dictators – the Shah in one, and a former army officer in the other. The long-term effects were tragic.The next target for overthrow was in 1963 when JFK decided to remove the Diem regime that the USA had installed in South Vietnam. A friend of America, Diem was murdered and the war was lost anyway.Chile was the next target. The CIA had interfered in elections there since 1964 to prevent a socialist from winning. After Salvador Allende won, the CIA fomented his overthrow in 1973, installing a brutal dictator, Gen. Pinochet.Other targets were the governments in Grenada in 1983, Panama in 1989, and Iraq in 2003. Kinzer compares George W. Bush to William McKinley: both believed they were morally justified, and neither anticipated the deadly insurgencies that followed in the Philippines and in Iraq.“Do as I say, not as I do,” isn’t persuasive for children, much less to the rest of the world. American officials frequently assert the right to intervene militarily or otherwise whenever and where ever it is deemed in the American interest to do so, even to protect the interest of American corporations. “In almost every case,” writes Kinzer, “overthrowing the government of a foreign country, has, in the end, led both that country and the United States to grief.” Consequently, Americans should recognize the sources of anti-American resentment, and be less hypocritical in denouncing other nations who follow our example. If it’s wrong for others, then by what principle of international law is it justified when we do it? ###

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